Sensors and actuators have been connected to the Internet for decades, often using proprietary protocols and then connecting to the Internet (IP) protocol through a gateway. With the rise of smart grids, smart cities and smart homes, more and more objects need to be interconnected.
We often say "machine to machine (M2M)", where machines are usually devices that can exchange information based on IP technology, and those machines are just a subset. The potential for greater and far-reaching is the integration of each object – the ability to connect sensors, actuators and many other common items to the “digital nervous systemâ€. The term "M2M" was coined by the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) development community more than a decade ago.
This term has now evolved into the Internet of Things (IoT), which connects everyday objects through the Internet, is readable, identifiable, positionable, and even controllable. Some predict that in the next decade, tens of billions of "smart" objects will be connected by the Internet. The ability of the device to interact with people and social networks is demonstrated by the state of the object, the changes, and the ability to transmit information in real time. In fact, combining devices with social networking platforms can create new forms of collaboration between people and things. The connection between the person's connection and the device is no longer isolated.
The Internet of Things has incredibly affected our daily lives. The Internet of Things will be a new area of ​​the future, and ubiquitous computers and communication networks have revolutionized social, corporate, community and personal habits. The early information and communication networks were manifested in the widespread use of mobile phones, a gadget that has become a way of life and an intimate part of the lives of thousands of people every day. The second step is that the embedded short-range mobile transceivers enter a wider range of devices, creating a new type of communication between people (P2T) and things (T2T). A new field will join the world of information and communication technology (ICT): anytime (day/night), anywhere (on the PC, inside, outside, even on the move) can connect anyone, anything; for example on a PC Between, human (H2H), human (H2T) and physical (T2T) connections. Multiple connections create a new dynamic network - the Internet of Things, based on the advancement of intrinsic technology and ubiquitous networking, computing and communications, which are the result of constant innovation from wireless sensors to nano-dynamic technologies.
In order to connect everyday objects and devices to huge databases and the Internet of Things, there is a need for a simple and cost-effective object recognition system that turns "items" into collectable, processable, and convertible data. Radio frequency identification (RFID) has exactly this characteristic. The benefits of data collection come from the ability to discover changes in the physical state of the object (event check), which is the result of advanced sensing technology. Embedded intelligence can further enhance the power of the Internet of Things because the processing of knowledge and information is transferred to the edge of the network. Miniaturization and nanotechnology further reduce object size: smaller and smaller smart objects have connectivity and interaction capabilities. Combined with the development of all the above technologies, the Internet of Things connects the world in a perceptual and intelligent way, using numbers to represent physical objects, and the Internet of Things becomes a digital map of the real world.
RFID
Figure 1 shows a typical RFID read and write solution. The RFID tag is a smart device with an electronic chip and a smart antenna. The RFID reader exchanges data with the tag and then sends the information to the PLC or PC for further processing.
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