The suspension consists of a connecting rod, a shock absorber and a damping spring. The multi-link suspension refers to a suspension structure consisting of three or more link rods to provide control forces in multiple directions so that the wheels have a more reliable trajectory. Common three-link, four-link, five-link and so on. However, due to the three-link structure has not been able to meet people's higher pursuit of chassis handling performance.
The current state-of-the-art suspension should be a multi-link suspension that not only guarantees a certain level of comfort (because it is a fully self-contained suspension), but also allows the maximum possible connection between the wheels and the ground due to the large number of connecting rods. Keeping vertical, minimizing the body's tilt, and maintaining tires' grounding as much as possible, their handling is generally quite good. It can be said that, in theory, multi-link suspension is currently the best solution to solve the contradiction between comfort and handling.
First of all, multi-link suspension can achieve the best position of the kingpin caster angle, significantly reducing front-to-back force from the road surface, thereby improving the smoothness and comfort when accelerating and braking, and at the same time ensuring the stability of straight-line driving. Because the lateral deflection of the wheel caused by the tension or compression of the coil spring is small, it is not easy to cause non-linear driving.
Secondly, the multi-link suspension automatically adjusts the camber, the toe-in angle, and the rear wheel to achieve a certain steering angle during contraction. By constraining the angle of the connection point of the design, the suspension can adjust the wheel alignment (this design freedom is very large) when it is compressed. It can fully match and adjust the model to maximize the tire grip so as to improve the vehicle's performance. Control limits.
Again, the multi-link suspension structure is relatively complex, and the material cost, research and development experiment cost, and manufacturing cost are much higher than those of other types of suspensions, and its occupied space is large, and small and medium-sized vehicles rarely use such suspension for cost and space considerations.
Because the rear suspension has a greater impact on the performance of the car, some high-end car models only use multi-link suspension before and after the multi-link type on the rear wheels, but the number of rear connecting rods is more than the front one. Such as the back of the five links, the front four links and so on. The more connecting rods, the better the affixing of the wheels, and has a positive effect on the comfort and control of the car. With the development of domestic commercial vehicles in recent years, the high-end development trend of commercial vehicles is obvious. The use of multi-link suspensions in commercial vehicle applications is also just around the corner.
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